马来西亚大选术语（中英文对照）

Agent：竞选经理
A person who represents candidates in their dealings with the electoral authorities and runs their campaigns. 代表候选人与选举机构打交道及组织竞选活动的人。

Ballot：投票
Another term for vote. 与vote意义相同

Ballot box ：票箱
Sealed box with a slit in the lid, into which voters place their ballot papers. 密封的箱子，盖子上有一个事先开好的小口。选民将标好的选票投入其中。

Ballot paper：选票
Paper containing a list of all candidates standing in a constituency. Voters mark
their choice with a cross. 上面印有候选人名字，选民在自己选中的候选人名字旁边划X。

By-election：补选
An election held between general elections, usually because the sitting MP or ADUN has died or resigned. 两次大选之间举行的选举，通常是因为原议员辞职或去世。

Cabinet：内阁
The group of senior ministers at the head of the government. 由数名高级部长组成，是政府的最高权力机构。

Candidate：候选人
Someone putting themselves up for election. Once Parliament has been dissolved, there are no MPs or ADUNs, only candidates. 代表某一政党竞选国会议员或州议员的人。议会解散时，“议员”不复存在，只有候选人。

Constituency：选区
The geographical unit which elects a single MP or ADUN. 选举产生一名国会议员或州议员的地理区域。

Coalition：联合政府
When two or more parties govern together, when neither has an overall majority. 两个或两个以上没有多数席位的政党联合组成的政府。

Deposit：按柜金
10,000 for a parlimentary seat and 5,000 for a state seat has to be paid by candidates or their parties to be allowed to stand.It is returned if the candidate wins 1/8 or more of the votes cast. 候选人需要交纳1万（国会议席）或5千（州议席）的按柜金才可以参选。候选人只有在获得八分之一以上选票的情况下才可拿回按柜金。

Dissolution of Parliament ：解散国会
The act of ending a Parliament. 解散国会，大选必须在一个月内举行。

Election expenses ：竞选经费
Candidates are only allowed to spend a limited amount of money on their individual campaign. Accounts must be submitted after the poll proving they did
not exceed this limit. 候选人只可以花费一定数量的经费用于个人的竞选活动。投票结束后必须向有关单位提交账目，以证实自己没有超支。

Electoral register ：选民登记
A list of all those in a constituency entitled to vote. Also known as electoral roll.
所有有投票权的选民的名单，也可以被称为electoral roll。

First past the post System：多数票当选制度
Term used to describe the Malaysia’s parliamentary election system. It means a
candidate only needs a simple majority - more votes than his or her rivals - to be elected. 国会选举采用的一个制度。每一个选民只能投一票给一个候选人，在这个选区内获得票数最多的候选人当选。

General election ：大选
Election at which all seats in the Parliament are contested. General elections must take place at least every five years, but are usually held after about four years on a date chosen by the prime minister. 国会全部席位都将重新选出。大选最长间隔每五年举行一次。但通常情况下都是每四年举行一次，大选日期由首相决定。

Landslide ：压倒优势
The name given to an election which one party wins by a very large margin. 指的是某一政党在大选中以明显优势获得胜利。

Manifesto ：竞选纲领
A public declaration of a party’s ideas and policies, usually printed during the
campaign. Once in power, a government is often judged by how many of its
manifesto promises it manages to deliver. 政党的方针以及政策，通常在竞选过程中出版。一旦当选，人们通常会以执政党兑现了多少竞选纲领中的承诺来判断政府的业绩。

Nomination Day ：提名日
Nomination day refers to the day for candidates to submit their nomination papers, to contest in the election. 候选人前往呈交提名表格的日子。

Poll ：投票，大选
Another term for vote or election. 与vote或者election意义相同。

Polling day：投票日
Election day. 也就是大选日。

Polling station ：投票站
Location where people go to cast their votes. 选民前往投票的地点。

Postal vote：郵寄投票
People unable to get to a polling station are allowed to vote by post if they apply
in advance. 无法亲自前往投票站的人，经过事先申请，可以获得邮寄投票。

Presiding officer：投票站监票官
The person responsible for ensuring the conduct of the ballot in polling stations.
They have to ensure that ballot boxes are kept secure and are responsible for
transferring them safely to the count. 负责监察投票站的运转。他们必须确保投票箱的安全，确保将投票箱安全地运抵点票地点。

Recount ：重新点票
If a result is close, any candidate may ask for a recount.如果投票结果非常接近，任何一名候选人都可以要求重新点票。

Referendum：全民公投
A binding vote of the whole country on a single issue. 全国人民就特定议题投票做出决定。

Returning officer ：選務官
The official in charge of elections in each of the constituencies. 每一个选区负责选举工作的官员。

Spoiled ballots ：无效选票
Ballot papers which have been filled in incorrectly. 选票填写有误导致无效。

Turnout ：投票率
The number or percentage of people eligible to vote who actually do so. 真正参加投票的人占选民总数的比例。